Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis ‒ Brazilian Society of Dermatology: an update on phototherapy and systemic therapy using e-Delphi technique

Abstract This publication is an update of the "Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis - Brazilian Society of Dermatology" published in 2019, considering the novel, targeted-oriented systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. The initial recommendations of the current consensus for systemic treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis were based on a recent review of scientific published data and a consensus was reached after voting. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology invited 31 experts from all regions of Brazil and 2 international experts on atopic dermatitis who fully contributed to the process. The methods included an e-Delphi study to avoid bias, a literature search and a final consensus meeting. The authors added novel approved drugs in Brazil and the indication for phototherapy and systemic therapy for AD. The therapeutical response to systemic treatment is hereby reported in a suitable form for clinical practice and is also part of this updated manuscript.

Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis - Brazilian Society of Dermatology

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory and pruritic dermatosis with a multifactorial etiology, which includes skin barrier defects, immune dysfunction, and microbiome alterations. Atopic dermatitis is mediated by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and requires therapeutic management that covers all the aspects of its complex pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to present the experience, opinions, and recommendations of Brazilian dermatology experts regarding the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Eighteen experts from 10 university hospitals with experience in atopic dermatitis were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology to organize a consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis. The 18 experts answered an online questionnaire with 14 questions related to the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Afterwards, they analyzed the recent international guidelines on atopic dermatitis of the American Academy of Dermatology, published in 2014, and of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, published in 2018. Consensus was defined as approval by at least 70% of the panel. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The experts stated that the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis is based on skin hydration, topical anti-inflammatory agents, avoidance of triggering factors, and educational programs. Systemic therapy, based on immunosuppressive agents, is only indicated for severe refractory disease and after failure of topical therapy. Early detection and treatment of secondary bacterial and viral infections is mandatory, and hospitalization may be needed to control atopic dermatitis flares. Novel target-oriented drugs such as immunobiologicals are invaluable therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis.

Prevalência de dermatoses em escolares na região do ABC paulista / Prevalence of dermatosis in scholars in the region of ABC paulista

FUNDAMENTOS: A literatura mostra que a prevalência de doenças dermatológicas em crianças e adolescentes com idades de 7-14 anos é consideravelmente significante, bem como a falta de tratamento e possível agravamento da situação. OBJETIVOS: Realização de uma análise investigativa para apontar a prevalência de dermatoses em indivíduos de 714 anos, assim como para verificar se estas estão diretamente ligadas ou não a suas respectivas situações socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 200 crianças e adolescentes com idades de 7-14 anos, entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2006, sendo 100 crianças em duas escolas públicas localizadas na periferia e 100 em duas escolas particulares localizadas em bairro de classe média alta na cidade de Santo André, Grande São Paulo. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método investigativo, com exame clínico de toda a superfície corpórea, de mucosas e de gânglios palpáveis, sendo a amostra populacional analisada de acordo com o teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: 87,5 por cento das crianças apresentaram algum tipo de dermatose; encontraram-se 46 dermatoses, destacando-se: a) nevos melânicos (p<0,001); b) acne grau II (p=0,004); c) pitiríase alba (p<0,001); d) livedo reticular (p=0,025); e) pediculose (p<0,001); f) asteatose (p<0,001); g) dermatite friccional (p=0,007). Constatou-se uma pequena predominância das dermatoses nas crianças das escolas públicas (53,14 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A amostra dessa população indicou que 87,5 por cento das crianças apresentaram dermatoses, uma prevalência muito maior do que a encontrada na literatura (30 por cento a 50 por cento) e uma prevalência discretamente mais elevada nas escolas públicas. O estudo mostrou a indiferença dos pais e responsáveis, o que aponta para a necessidade de interferência de políticas públicas, cuja falta, certamente, é responsável por esse índice elevado e possível agravamento da prevalência.

BACKGROUND: Literature shows that prevalence of skin diseases in children and adolescents aged 7-14 years is very significant, as well as lack of treatment worsening the situation. OBJECTIVES: An investigative analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in individuals 714 years and focus on whether or not they are related directly to their respective socio-economic status. METHODS: 200 children and adolescents were examined aged 7-14 years,between August and November 2006,100 children in two public schools located in the periphery and 100 in two private schools located in upper middleclass neighborhood in Santo André,located in São Paulo.Investigative method used was the clinical examination of the whole skin, mucous areas and palpable ganglia,and the population sample analyzed according to the chi-square. RESULTS: 87.5 percent of children had some skin disease.46 dermatoses were found,the most important:a)melanocytic nevi (p <0.001);b)acne grade II (p = 0.004);c)pityriasis alba (p <0.001);d)livedo reticularis (p = 0.025); e)pediculosis (p <0.001);f)asteatosis (p <0.001);g) frictional dermatitis (p = 0.007).Small prevalence of skin diseases was observed in children in public schools (53.14 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This population sample indicated that 87.5 percent of children had skin diseases,which prevalence was much higher than those found in the literature(30-50 percent),showing a lightly enhanced prevalence in public schools.The study showed the neglect of parents and caregivers,indicating the need for interference from public policy,which lack certainly is responsible for high rate and can increase it.

Líquen plano mimetizando molusco contagioso / Lichen planus mimicking contagious mollusk

Introdução: Líquen plano é uma doença inflamatória e pruriginosa que afeta pele, mucosas e anexos, podendo apresentar achados clínicos incomuns. Possui etiologia desconhecida e pico de incidência na vida adulta, pouco comum em crianças. Por estas razões, os autores relatam um caso raro, de difícil diagnóstico, no qual uma criança apresentava manifestações cutâneas semelhantes a molusco contagioso. Descrição do caso: VCN, cinco anos, feminina, com lesões pruriginosas pelo corpo, há um ano. Negava história familiar, antecedentes de atopia ou uso de drogas prévias à erupção. Já havia recebido inúmeras medicações, sem melhora. Foi encaminhada ao serviço de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC onde, ao exame dermatológico, apresentava pápulas violáceas, brilhantes e umbilicadas, disseminadas pelo tegumento, incluindo palmas e plantas, com a presença de fenômeno de Koebner, poupando couro cabeludo. Na mucosa jugal, placa esbranquiçada semelhante à leucoplasia, ligeiramente arboriforme. Apresentou exames laboratoriais inalterados e achados da biópsia compatíveis com líquen plano. Iniciou-se tratamento com corticoide e anti-histamínico oral e emoliente tópico levando à melhora progressiva, evoluindo com máculas hipercrômicas residuais após quatro meses de tratamento. Discussão: Há evidências de que ocorram modificações nos ceratinócitos basais, desencadeando resposta imune com recrutamento e ativação de linfócitos T. As lesões caracterizam-se por pápulas poligonais, violáceas, descamativas, achatadas, com distribuição bilateral e simétrica acometendo faces flexoras. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso atípico de líquen plano extenso numa criança, com algumas lesões simulando quadro clínico de molusco contagioso. Diagnóstico correto e precoce e tratamento adequado diminuem riscos de complicações e melhoram a qualidade de vida.

Introduction: Lichen planus is a pruriginous and inflammatory disease that affects skin, mucous membrane and annex and may present unusual clinical findings. Its etiology is unknown and its peak incidence is in adult life, being uncommon in childhood. For these reasons, the authors report a rarecase of difficult diagnosis, in which a child presented cutaneous manifestations similar to molluscum contagiosum. Case report: VCN, five years old, female, complaining of disseminated cutaneous ichthing lesions for one year. There was no previous family history, atopyc precedents or use of drugs previous to the eruption. She had already received several drugs, without any improvement. She was sent to the Service of Dermatology of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC in which, at dermatological examination, presented violaceae, brilliant and umbilicated papules, throughout the tegument including palms and soles, with presence of Koebner phenomenon, saving scalp. In buccal mucous membrane, there was whitish plaque resembling leukoplakia, slightly tree-shaped. She presented normal laboratory exams and biopsy findings compatible to lichen planus. The treatment was initiated with oral corticosteroids and antihistaminics and topical emollient, leading to progressive improvement, evolving with residual hyperchromic macules after four months of treatment. Discussion: There are evidences that basal keratinocytes damage involves the cellular immune response with CD4+ lymphocytes recruitment and activation. The lesions are characterized by polygonal, violaceae, scaling, flattened papules, with bilateral and symmetric distribution affecting flexor surfaces. The objective of this report is to describe an atypical case of generalized lichen planus in a child, simulating an extensive molluscum contagiosum. Correct and early diagnosis and adequate treatment decrease complication risks and improve quality of life.